Home - Chicago Manual of Style - Research Guides at California State University Sacramento

Welcome

Chicago Manual of Style (Call No. Z 253 .C57 2010 ) is available at the dictionary stand on each floor of the library. This guide is on how to cite sources, mainly books, articles and online resources. It gives a brief introduction to the basic forms of two systems (see the middle boxes):

(1) notes (footnotes/endnotes) and
     bibliography
(2) author-date references
     (parenthetical text citation) and
      reference lists

Click the tabs above for more examples.

What is a Format or Style?

A format or style manual is a set of rules to be applied to a research paper or professional article in a discipline.

These rules determine the format: whether footnotes/endnotes or in text citations are used; whether a bibliography or reference list is used; what information is included and in what order, and how the overall paper appears in terms of margins, title pages, subheadings, etc.

Notes and Bibliography System

• Notes: Footnotes/Endnotes

• Bibliography

Notes – Where do they go?

•May be placed at the bottom of the page to which the note applies --- Footnotes

•Or may be placed at the end of the text. Use a separate sheet titled “Notes” and list notes in numerical order corresponding to superscripted notes in text --- Endnotes

Notes – What is their structure ?

•If there is a bibliography that includes all works cited in the notes, a shortened citation is recommended to avoid duplication.

•If there is no bibliography or only a selected list, then notes must be in the full citation format.

Bibliography -- elements of the entry

•Author(s); title; editor, compiler or translator; edition; volume; series title; facts of publication; pages; DOI or URL

•If you are not sure, use library catalog or WorldCat to help you identify the elements for books; for journal articles, use databses.

Author-date reference system

• Text Citations

• Reference Lists

• Sources are cited in the text, usually in parentheses, by the author's last name, the publication date of the work cited, and a page number if needed. Click on Parenthetical citation for examples.

• Full details appear in the reference list---usually titled "References" or "Works cited"---in which the year of publication appears immediately after the author's name ( Chicago Manual of Style, page 787).